Voles are the most prolific breeders in the rodent family, producing 3-5 pups per litter and up to 17 litters in a year. A female vole can have 80 offspring in a year! However, nature has its system of checks and balances. Since the vole has a wide variety of predators, including large birds, most only survive a few months in the wild.
Voles are primarily outdoor pests of ornamental and turf areas. Only occasionally do they enter homes and buildings -- usually in basements and ground floor areas.
They do not reproduce indoors, however. Thus, Vole control should be directed toward the exterior of the home.
A liquid produced by glands on the skin makes shrews rather unpleasant tasting to domestic cats.
Most people realize they have a Vole infestation only from the damage. Meadow voles, the most common variety, construct well-defined, visible surface runways through turf areas measuring about 1.5 to 2 inches.
The runways are formed by a combination of the Vole eating the grass blades and the constant Vole traffic over the runway.
Additionally, you may see that some parts of the runway are bare dirt as a result of the Vole spreading excavated dirt from the burrow system. Burrow entrances measure approximately 1 inch in diameter.
Vole activity is sometimes blamed on Moles, but Moles dig their tunnels beneath the soil and do not construct surface runways.
During the winter, when green vegetation is scarce, Voles dig into trunks and roots, killing or damaging the trees or shrubs.
Another symptom of a Vole infestation is to see plants wilt or simply appear yellowish. A light tug on the plant may easily lift it from the soil - its roots have been devoured.
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